DSLR
“Digital Single Lens Reflex” DSLR is a digital camera that uses mirrors to direct light from the lens to the viewfinder, which is a hole on the back of the camera that you will look through to see what you are taking a picture of. Exposure Exposure is the amount of light collected by the sensor in your camera during a single picture. If the shot is exposed too long the photograph will be washed out. If the shot is exposed too short the photograph will appear too dark. Almost all cameras today have light meters which measure the light in the given shot and set an ideal exposure. The three primary controls your camera use for exposure are aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. Aperture in a Camera Aperture is a hole within a lens, through which light travels into the camera body. It is easier to understand the concept if you just think about our eye. Every camera that we know of today is designed like human eyes. Size of Aperture In Photography, aperture is expressed in f-numbers. These f-numbers that are known as “f-stops” are a way of describing the size of the aperture is. A smaller f-stop means a larger aperture, while a larger f-stop means a smaller aperture. Example: f/1.4 is larger that f/2.0 and much larger than f/8.0. Small apertures (high f/numbers i.e. f/22) increase the depth of field, bringing both the main subject and background into focus. Large apertures (low f/numbers is f/2.8) soften background details. Depth of field (DOF) is the distance to which objects behind and in front of the focal point appear to be in focus. Shutter Speed Shutter speed, “exposure time”, stands for the length of time a camera shutter is open to expose light into the camera sensor. If the shutter speed is fast, it can help to freeze action completely. If the shutter speed is slow, it can create an effect called “motion blur”, where moving objects appear blurred along the direction of the motion. Shutter speeds are typically measured in fractions of a second, when they are under a second. Example: ¼ means a quarter of a second, while 1/250 means one two-hundred-and-fiftieth of a second or four milliseconds. The slowest speed for hand held photography is 1/60. Anything lower then that should either be on a tripod or on a straight, solid surface. Any slower handheld shutter speed begins to get motion blur and your photograph may be out of focus. ISO ISO is the level of sensitivity of your camera to available light. The lower the ISO number, the less sensitive it is to the light, while a higher ISO number increases the sensitivity of your camera. The component within your camera that can change sensitivity is called “image sensor” or simply “sensor”. With increased sensitivity, your camera sensor can capture images in low-light environments without having to use flash. But higher sensitivity comes at an expense- it adds grain or “noise” to the pictures. General Rule of Thumb Bright and sunny, 100 iso Cloudy, 250 iso Indoors, 500 iso Night time without a flash, 1600 iso Modes on the DSLR M- manual control over aperture and shutter A- aperture priority S- shutter priority P- camera sets shutter speed and aperture (program) How to Hold a DSLR Have the camera strap around your neck at all times Hold the camera by the lens and hand grip if possible- treat with care!
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June 2017
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